Introduction to Superconductors (Traditional) Superconductivity was first discovered in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes when he found Mercury to have an abrupt drop in electrical resistance at a temperature ...

Introduction The invention and utilization of artificial light was crucial to the development of civilization because it enabled humans to extend the length of the day. Today, certain light bulbs are ...

Ultrafast optics is a very popular field for using short pulses to investigate phenomena that have remained a mystery with traditional optics. It has enabled investigation of fast reactions, high power ...

Electro-optic modulators are increasingly becoming a vital component of optical processing systems. We have previously written about electro-optics generally, the different kinds of electro-optical ...

Nanotechnology continues to fascinate us with smaller and smaller devices. Engineers all around the world are constantly pushing and perfecting our manufacturing capabilities to fit more devices within a ...

Introduction to Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Dye-sensitized solar cells have the potential to replace traditional and costly crystalline silicon solar cells. The sun emits about 3.86 x 1026 joules every ...

Nanowires are truly one-dimensional structures that are long in one direction and short on the lateral dimension. This dimensional reduction gives rise to interesting new phenomena such as quantized ...

Understanding the emergence of New Developments Laser eye surgeries such as LASIK are used to treat a number of eye conditions including retinal tears and detachments, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. ...

Raman scattering phenomenon can be used to engineer broadband tunable lasers and to generate a broad band of frequencies in the IR spectrum. These light sources are instrumental for probing and detecting ...

Introduction to Thin-film Processes Thin-film deposition is a fundamental step in the fabrication process of micro/nano devices.  A thin film is typically less than 1000 nano-meters in thickness. The ...