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Polarization As A Property of Light Conversation about light waves typically focuses on frequency, wavelength, or intensity. Many introductory physics courses cover these concepts in great detail so that ...

Introduction X-rays are one of the most versatile forms of radiation.  The rays can penetrate thick objects without absorbing or scattering, rendering them extremely useful for imaging purposes. X-ray ...

Introduction to Motion Control Instrumentation Motion control is the combination of mechanics and electronics to regulate the position, speed and acceleration of moving parts in a controlled manner. It is ...

Introduction to Spectroscopy Imaging We have discussed many applications of spectrometers, but how do we attain the final spectral image to analyze? Spectrometers contain varying types of imaging systems ...

Basics of Lamp-Pumped Solid State (LPSS) Lasers As the trailblazer for many modern day laser designs, LPSS lasers are a mature technology that have been around since the invention of the first laser. The ...

Introduction to Diffraction Gratings Diffraction gratings are optical components that diffract and separate light into several beams at different angles by wavelength. Their working principle is hinged ...

Introduction to Ultrafast Lasers The ultrafast laser is a category of laser that emits ultrashort light pulses with time spans of femtoseconds or picoseconds. To put this in perspective, ultrafast lasers ...

Introduction to Optical Parametric Oscillators In 1961, Peter Franken and his group at the University of Michigan were the first to use  nonlinear materials to produce optical harmonics. This method ...

Basics of Operation There are many different types of lasers available in todays photonics market, however, Diode Pumped Solid State (DPSS) laser systems are a reliable and widely-used technology. Simply ...

Introduction A single human hair is approximately 80,000-100,000 nanometers wide. Now, imagine a distance that measures several hundred times smaller than a human hair. Such small distances are often ...